History and assessment of massage therapy

History and assessment of massage therapy Massage therapy is the manipulation of the soft tissue on the body by a practitioner through the movement of their hands and arms as well as advanced techniques. Massage has been used to help people relax as well as a way to help treat minor ailments as a complement to other medication or treatment. As A Whirlwind Tour through the entire History of Massage webpage states Massage is a universal instinct. From the day they descended from the trees, humans have known that it helps to rub a sore limb and that to touch is beneficial. So since then we have used and developed the skills and techniques through the years into the massage routines we see and use today. History of Massage; Throughout ancient history many different countries have been using massage and developing their skills as well as passing these down through the years. They have been borrowed, stolen and shared through different times as well as different places geographically around the world, many of the different types of massages resemble each other as techniques have been copied, borrowed and shared. Pre-historic people used to practise some forms of therapeutic touch or massage as there has been evidence to suggest that they used to massage their muscles and rub herbs and oils onto their bodies to help with healing or to protect as this has been found in caveman paintings and drawings showing the giving and receiving of massage. After then the next stage that has been recorded in history to show the major use of massage where the Chinese in around 3000BC in a book called Con Fou of the Tao-Tse. As mentioned in the eBook History of Massage, Therapies Rules in China for years, blind people where the main masseurs. According to A Whirlwind Tour Through the entire history of Massage Chinese writing dates from around 1400BC, near the start of the Shang dynasty, and it from around this time that we can reliably date massage. It was in China that the first exam in massage was sat about fifteen hundred years later as an addition to the occult studies schools. Around the same times as China the Egyptians also used massage and this has been depicted in tomb paintings of individuals being Kneaded by others. The Japaneses received their knowledge from China through the study of Buddhism and soon customised the techniques which became known as anma, which later became Japanese Shiatsu. According to The history of Massag e: Learn How Massage Dates Back over 5,000 Years Ago The primary goal of Shiatsu is to raise the energy level in the patient. In turn, this increased energy level regulates and fortifies the functioning of the organs and stimulates natural resistance to illnesses. The practitioners use a variety of techniques to pressure points on the body to balance the energies and work without needles or other equipment to do so. However, some sources believe India was practicing massage before the Egyptians and the Chinese while others believe they might have acquired it from China a little later so the dates of when India first started to use any forms of massage range from around 3000BC to between 1.800-500BC. Massage in India is referred to in ancient Hindu books such as Ayurveda (Art of Life) which was written around 1800BC. It describes how movements such as shampooing and rubbing were used to relieve tiredness, increase energy levels and improve general health. Francesca Gould in Body Massage for Holistic Therapists (2004). After this stage in history the next step in the time line is around 2000BC when the Greeks and Romans first started to use massage in the early foundations of their civilisations. The ancient Greeks used the knowledge from the Egyptians massage techniques, and it was given to the athletes, women and soldiers as described in History of Massage, Therapies Rules. The Greeks wrote many books on massage including some written by Homer, Aesculapius, Herodotus and Hippocrates who was the Father of Medicine. It was the Greeks who used to rub up the body towards the heart to help the venous and lymph in that direction, they also used this technique to move sickness towards the centre of the body to where is can be expelled with the waste materials. The Romans however used massage as more of an indulgence than as a medical therapy; it was saved for those who could pay for it. The Romans received massage from the Greeks and enjoyed bathing before a full body massage and it was said that even Julius Caesar was pinched every day. The Roman gladiators were vigorously massaged before fights to make sure their muscles where warmed up and supple. Galen was the main figure in Rome for massage but he was actually Greek, according to A Whirlwind Tour through the History of Massage he lived from 130AD to 201AD and he acquired his knowledge of anatomy and physiology through working with the gladiators. Massage then was used as an alternative for exercise to help relive their excessive eating and drinking. Massage was used throughout the different tribes in North America before the Europeans arrived, some tribes would massage/rub down their warriors before and after battle or rub ointments into ailing joints or muscles. Massage has also been seen through a variety of different countries through history including those such as Persia, Kurdistan, Thailand, Tibet, Indonesia and Hawaii. The most recent history of massage can be seen is western civilisation. The earliest record was written by Ambroise Pare (1510-1590) but he was ridiculed for his publication. However by the time Henrik Ling (1776-1839) became the father of modern western massage it had become less of a ridicule. As the History of Massage, Therapies rules tell us Henrik Ling once put. We ought not to consider the organs of the body as the lifeless forms of a mechanical mass, he wrote, but as the living, active instruments of the soul. And through this he finally developed the system known as Swedish massage. Massage has now moved back towards the old holistic attributes instead of the physiological attributes so we are back to seeing massage in the same way as the ancient Chinese, Egyptians and Greeks once saw the therapy. As reported by The Massage Bible, during the first World War injured soldiers were treated with massage, while the Californian bodywork movement in the 1960s combined massage with personal growth. There are many different kinds of massage practiced today all over the world and many of them can be received by almost anyone unless they have a specific reason that it cannot be preformed. There are a few different people who have been in the forefront of massage in modern history and those are Cornelius E. Who is the Father of massage in the USA, David Palmer, the Father of chair massage, Dr Tiffany Fields, the Mother of massage research and Jack Meagher the Father of sports massage. In figure I. In the appendices is a time line of the history of massage along with the cre ation and history of other therapies this has been take from the eBook History of Massage, Therapies Rules. Massage Principles and Holistic Experience: To decide if massage is a holistic therapy first of all we need to know what holistic means and according to thefreedictionary.com Holistic means Concerned with wholes rather than analysis or separation into parts. And with this definition we shall determine whether or not massage is a holistic experience. A massage whether it is a Swedish, Shiatsu or any other form of massage moves across the whole surface of the skin missing only a few vital places which are left for either health and safety reasons or due to the intimacy of the area. Most massages that even just incorporate one certain area such as an Indian head massage or even reflexology they all use different points of that area to correspond with different areas or energies upon the body. With different energies running throughout in specific channels which move around the entire body, when a massage is preformed to the whole body or even just a small portion of the body such as the hands, feet or head all the energies are involved which in turn incorporates the body as a whole. With this in mind a massage can be believed to be Holistic as this matches with the definition of holistic in taking the body as a whole instead of a separation of its individual parts. There is only one reason as to not treat a certain part of the body and that is due to a contra-indication such as pregnancy where you would not touch or massage the abdominal area or is say someone had a fungal infection upon their feet you would not massage their feet and would move onto the next step of the massage itself. These contra-indications could be on a temporary basis or they could be permanent and therefore this client would not be able to receive a treatment. There are some contra-indications such as cancer, epilepsy and a few others which would need a doctors approval before a treatment could be carried out upon the client for insurance reasons. For example for epilepsy if you do not know the trigger for a seizure and you had not received a doctors approval for the treatment and the client unfortunately had a seizure upon your table then the client might decide to sue the practitioner for causing this, this is why doctors approval is sought. Due to the Health and Safety at work act 1974 all employers and employees must maintain a high standard of health and safety in the work place as described in F. Goulds Body Massage for Holistic Therapists. Employers are responsible for the health and safety of anyone who enters their premises. If an employer has more than five employees, the work place must have a health and safety policy, of which all staff must be aware. There are many different procedures in the work place that all employees must adhere to such as the first aid and fire procedures, all employees should know where the first aid kits and fire extinguishers/ exits are located within the building for the safely of themselves and the clients, It is advisable however, that all practitioners are first aid qualified themselves in the event of an emergency. From the clients point of view the practitioner should know these things as well as have a basic understanding of personal hygiene in the sense of washing their hands properly, being of a clean and presentable appearance and be dressed appropriately for the treatment. This is due to the intimate nature of the massage with the close skin to skin contact as strong smelling perfumes or strong body odour can be very unpleasant for the client. A general knowledge of health and safety is beneficial for the example to clean up spillages as and when they happen as to avoid trips, slips and falls of either the client or yourself. A good general idea of protecting your equipment is ideal as oils and creams can become a hazard if left un-cleaned from the treatment table as this could cause a slip or the degrading of your equipment such as the vinyl of the table tops. For insurance purposes the practitioner must ensure that they do not perform a massage while they are unwell or when the client is contagious due to the spread of infection and should always wear gloves if they have any open areas upon their hands. This is for their own protection and that of the client as to not pass anything between them or onto any other client from the previous client. However it is also important to know if the client is well enough to receive the treatment, for this the practitioner must refer to the contraindication lists to see whether or not the client is acceptable to treat. The client should also be aware that at any point the practitioner is legally allowed to refuse treatment for withholding information or for unacceptable behaviour. The practitioner must also get the permission off the client at all times before a treatment if they can touch the client themselves, and they must ensure the client understands this and what is going to happen during the tr eatment for insurance purposes for the protection of both the client and practitioner. Personal safety for the practitioner is also important; these include the correct posture and the compression of the wrists. If either of these are incorrect then the practitioner later in their career could cause themselves more pain due to repetitive strain on the joints and could cause more damage if continued. To help prevent this the right table height should be selected for the practitioner as well as the correct foot wear to help with posture, also the right hand movements should be followed to help prevent the compression of the wrists. The most important piece of safety a practitioner should adhere to is their own safety when working with a client on their own such as a residential call or even in their own rooms at their treatment centre. If doing a residential call then the practitioner should only really perform these on clients that already know, they have a personal phone number for and they should always make sure someone knows where they are at which times and check i n after the appointment with either a family member or work colleague to show they are safe. If they get a new client after a residential call they should always follow the rules of asking for the residential phone number and insist upon phoning the day before the treatment to see if they still wish to receive the treatment. Making the treatment of a client a positive experience is one of the most important parts of making a massage holistic, the practitioner should look after their clients making sure they are comfortable with what is going on whether they are new or long term clients. To be a massage practitioner you should have excellent customer service skills, client care should be the most important thing to remember and should always be used every day with every client, the client should believe that the practitioner cares. The practitioner should always consult with the client and devise a treatment plan to suite the clients and stick to this plan unless anything changes in the circumstances with the client as well as receiving permission from the client for the practitioner to touch them during the treatment. During the treatment the discussion should be at a comfortable level for the client but also low enough for the client to relax and enjoy the treatment. After care should always be adhered to and offered to the client with a small encouragement of lifestyle changes if needed for the clients needs. Effects of Massage including the Physiological and psychological effects upon the client: Massage even though it is a holistic experience has been seen to have an effect of other areas of the human body and not just as a way to relax; a massage has been seen to show that it has both physiological and psychological effect upon the clients. Physiological effects are those which are shown upon the body itself and its function whereas psychological effects are those which manifest themselves in the mind and the emotions of the client. There are many different outcomes which could manifest for both on the anatomy and the body systems. In two different clinical trials that have been preformed independently of each other there is a show of the two different effects received after a massage treatment, one for the Physiological effects and one for the psychological effects. In the first trial the objective was to see if the early intervention with massage in children with Down syndrome would help with the motor skills and muscle tone. So parents with children suffering from Down syndrome where asked to attend one of two early intervention classes, one class was a body massage session and the other a reading session after a base line had been assessed upon their severity of the syndrome, some children were not used if sever mobility where involved or they had emotional problems as this might interfere with the trial. Twelve of the children were assigned to the massage sessions and eleven to the control reading session, so in overall there where twenty one children involved in this trial. Each session was scheduled for the same times each week and specific times of the day for both classes, and each session was on an individual basis, the sessions lasted for half an hour each, twice a week for two months, while the reading session was conducted the same way with the therapist holding the child while reading for the half an hour. This was the treatment that the children received in the following sequence: The 30-minute massage therapy session started with the child lying on a small mat on the floor. The therapist conducted the following sequence three times with the child in a supine position: Legs and feet-(a) while forming hands like a letter C and wrapping the fingers around the childs leg, long, milking and twisting strokes from the thigh to the ankles; (b) massaging foot by gliding thumbs across bottom of foot followed by squeezing and tugging each toe; (c) massaging across top of foot by gliding thumbs from ankle to toes; (d) flexing and extending the foot; (e) massaging from ankle to foot and back to ankle; (f) stroking from the ankle up towards the thigh; and (g) back and forth rolling movements (as if making a rope from dough) from the ankle to the thigh. Stomach-(a) slow, circular, rubbing movements to stomach area with one hand; (b) using the palms, hand over hand down the stomach in a paddlewheel fashion; (c) starting with thumbs together at the umbilicus, stroking horizontally to sides of body and then twice above and twice below the umbilicus; (d) using fingertips and starting below the umbilicus on the childs right side, small circular upward movements until even with the umbilicus, then continuing across to the left side, and then down on the left side to below the umbilicus; (e) with one hand following the other, short upward stroking from right side below the umbilicus, then Massage and Down syndrome 401 across the umbilicus to the left side of the body, and then down on the left side to below the umbilicus; and (f) cupping or holding sides of knees, bending both knees simultaneously towards the stomach and holding for three to five seconds. Chest-(a) with palms of hands on childs sternum, stroking outward across chest; (b) starting at sternum, stroking upwards and over tops of shoulders and down the sides of the ribs; and (c) starting at the right thigh, stroking diagonally through the chest to the opposite shoulder and back down to the same thigh; repeat starting at the left thigh; Arms and hands-same as legs and feet (i.e. replace legs with arms and feet with hands). Face-(a) making small circles to entire scalp (as if shampooing hair); (b) with flats of thumbs together on midline of forehead, stroking outward towards the temples; (c) stroking gently over the eyes and brows; (d) starting at the bridge of the nose, stroking across the cheekbones to the ears; and (e) making circular movements under the chin, around the jaw line, around the ears, to the back of the neck and the rest of the scalp. The following sequences were done after placing the children on their stomach (in a prone position). Back-applying oil to the hands: (a) starting at the top of the spine, alternating hand strokes across the back working down towards the tail bone (never pressing the spine) and reaching over to include the sides; (b) hand over hand movements from upper back to hips with flats of hands and then continuing to feet; (c) using circular motion with fingertips, from neck to hips stroking over the long muscles next to the spine and retracing on the other side of the spine; (d) making circular strokes with the palm of the hand to rub the tops of the shoulders; and (e) ending with long gliding strokes from the neck to the feet. As was described in the journal Children with Down syndrome improved in motor functioning and muscle tone following massage therapy (2006). The trial was held at the childrens early intervention pre-school centres, while the test was run by the university of Miami school of medicine. The results of this trial show that there was a greater gain for the results of the children who where massaged in their sessions than to those who where read too. The improvements were shown in the gross motor skills and fine motor skills development of the children as well as a marginal effect in their language development. This then showed that through the early intervention with massage it could help children with Down syndrome enhance their motor development at a faster rate than if they were left to mature in their own way. These results help to show that massage can have a physiological effect upon the body in helping to produce and enhance muscle tone. However, there is the argument that another control group could have been added into the trial to help show whether this is successful or not is a control group that uses light stokes instead of a pressure massage to help with the ethical problems of withholding the intervention from those in the reading session. This was all shown in the clinical trial journal of Children with Down syndrome improved in motor functioning and muscle tone following massage therapy (2006) which is located in the appendices. The second trial is to determine whether or not massage can have a psychological effect on the client and for this the trial was preformed for the Association of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Nurses (2009). The aim of this trial was to reduce symptoms of children with cancer and to reduce the anxiety of their parents. Children with cancer, ages 1 to 18 years, received at least 2 identical cycles of Chemotherapy, and one parent, participated in the 2- period crossover design in which 4 weekly massage sessions alternated with 4 weekly quiet-time control Sessions. As described in the article Massage Therapy for Children with Cancer (2009). To determine if the massage was helping to relieve the psychological symptoms of anxiety in the parents and the symptoms of the children while the trial was progressing they measured everyones heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and salivary cortisol level as well as their pain, nausea, anxiety, and fatigue levels. According to the results of this trial the massage was more effective in reducing heart rate than quiet time in the children, the anxiety in the children aged fourteen and older and the anxiety in the adults. The clients all commented upon how the massage rather than the quiet time helped with their anxiety and helped them feel better. So due to their result it is feasible to massage children with cancer and their parents to help relieve their anxiety. Therefore this result helps to show that massage to the body can have a psychological effect upon the client in this sense it has reduced the anxiety of the both the children and the parents although in the younger babies the results did vary a little more than the other ages, but the results of the older children and the adults help to prove that just a massage on its own can have a psychological effect upon the human body. The trial that this assessment was based upon is located in the appendices as clinical trial 2. So both of these trials show that massage can had a successful outcome on the physiological and psychological effects portrayed on the body, they both proved that through a short massage the body can manifest its effects through muscle tone or motor function progression as well as to reduce anxiety in both children and adults. Neither of these two trials have a negative out come and therefore both are a success but there shall be a few trials where massage has not appeared to be successful at all or shows that it is a little less successful than anticipated, these however are normal and show both sides to an ongoing argument about whether massage is actually good for the body, mind and spirit on a whole or if it just theoretically works on the body.

Through the Tunnel by Doris Lessing

Conflicts can arise in many ways. In the story â€Å"Through the Tunnel† by Doris Lessing, an eleven year old boy named Jerry is vacationing at the shore in France. Feeling lonely and bored he wanders off to a rocky beach to join a group of French boys, older than he, who are diving and swimming there. As a foreigner he finds himself ignored by them, but discovers they are swimming through a long underwater tunnel and he is determined that he will do the same someday. In the beginning of the story an external conflict appears when Jerry wants to be independent of his mother she is understandably protective of her only child. His mother wants to take care of him because she is concerned that something might happen. Jerry loves his mother and likes to be with her, but sometimes he wants to be on his own. To assert his independence from his mother Jerry must swim through the underwater tunnel to test him. Another conflict arises when Jerry wants to fit in with the French boys. The author explains how much Jerry wants to be part of their group when the author writes â€Å"To be with them, of them, was a craving that filled his whole body. † Jerry wants to be accepted into their group. This group of boy is the experts of swimming. They easily swim through the underwater tunnel. Even after he knows he doesn’t belong to the older boys group, Jerry still wants to prove himself worthy of being one of the expert swimming through the mysterious tunnel. Finally, the most obvious external conflict is the one between Jerry and nature. Jerry trains his lungs and pushes his limits and because of that â€Å"his nose bleeds badly†. For hours he has been practicing holding his breath he begins to feel weak and dizzy. Jerry has to battle the forces of nature pushing his lung capacity to its limits. He is engaged in a conflict of nature and physical barriers to attain his goal. If Jerry doesn’t hold his breath long enough he will drown. After what seems like ages, Jerry passes through the tunnel, going in as a little boy and coming out feeling like a man. Now, Jerry has won his battle against almighty nature his hunger for acceptance and fight for independence. He has broken the chains of his conflicts. As soon as he swims out, Jerry broke free.

Installing 70/30 Copper-Nickel Pipe

Installing 70/30 copper nickel (cuni) pipe sometimes can be a test of human patients, mechanical knowledge, and dexterity. It is, however, well worth the effort, because once you complete the job whether you’re a novice or connoisseur of the art you gain a sense of pride for a job well done. Additionally, you will have confidence in knowing that your pipe will stand the test of time and vigorous challenges they’re used for. The only problem that comes with working with 70/30 cuni pipe is, having a concrete way to approach even the minutest step(s) when installing, cleaning, and inspecting your pipe.Initially, you should have gathered your tools that will you need for this job. Assuming that you have the proper tools for the job we will begin by taking the copper nickel pipe a prepping it for installation. To prep copper-nickel pipe you want to start by gathering your pipe and you’re fittings, so you can obtain the measurements for the length off your pipe, square it off, and then touch it up. By doing this it eliminates dirt and debris, and allows for cohesiveness between the mechanical joints when you’re mating them together.Too do this you’re going to measure out the proper length of your pipe by taking your ruler (which should be measured in inches) and mark on your pipe how much you’re going to need. Once you have done that you’re going to cut the pipe at its designated mark. At the same time, be careful not to cut too much off, because if you do then you will have to either buy more pipe or go through another process of adding the pipe back. You can cut copper pipe with a regular hacksaw or a copper tube cutter.Although both will make a satisfactory cut, the tube cutter ensures a square cut every time. Use a jig or miter box when you're cutting copper pipe with a hacksaw. This helps to ensure a square cut in the pipe. After making the cut, remove the burrs inside the pipe with a half-round file. A pipe cutte r usually leaves more burrs in the pipe than a hacksaw. When cutting pipe for a specific run, be sure to make allowances for the distance of pipe that fits into the fittings. Also, remember to add the extra length the fittings will give the entire run of pipe.Figure about 1/2†³ for each fitting. In addition to doing this your also simultaneously doing something else called chamfering (chamfering is the process of filing the tip of the inside of the pipe so that the flux and stick to the pipe). Now that your pipe is squared off your going to take a strip of emery cloth and clean the outside of the pipe a half-inch away from the tip of your pipe (doing this allows for proper flow of the soldering ring between the fitting and pipe) until you have a bright gold shade of pipe, which is the natural color of copper-nickel pipe.Now that your pipe is ready for mating, you know have to prep your fitting for mating as well. To do this you’re going to take another piece of emery clo th a clean the inside of your fitting up to a half-inch in diameter on both sides of the fittings. Once you’re done with that procedure use a different strip of emery cloth to clean your brazing rings, and then place them in the slots inside your fittings. Once you have prepped your pipe and fittings you’re ready to mate the pipe and fitting together. Apply a light coat of soldering paste or flux to the cleaned end of the copper pipe.Use a flux brush, an old toothbrush or a wooden paddle for spreading the flux. Flux or soldering paste ensures a firm bond between the copper and the solder. Also apply flux to the inside of the cleaned fittings. The flux or soldering paste will keep the copper from oxidizing when heated. Place the copper fitting on the pipe only after it is thoroughly cleaned and coated with soldering paste). When the fitting is firmly in place, rotate both the pipe and the fitting several times to spread the flux evenly. A propane torch is an ideal tool for mating copper pipe.If you look at the flame of a propane torch you will notice there is a lighter blue, well-defined flame in the middle of a darker blue flame. The tip of this light blue flame is the hottest part of the flame. Play (move) the flame along the fittings and the pipe to bring them up to soldering heat. Then concentrate the heat in the middle of the fitting. The light blue flame should be just touching the fitting. You can do both ends of the fitting at the same time by heating in the middle like this. Do not apply the heat directly to the solder or the area that has been fluxed.Do not overheat the copper pipe. If you look at the flame on the side of the pipe away from the torch, you may notice a green flame develop. This means the fitting is ready to solder. Another way to tell is to touch the solder to the hot pipe. If the solder melts and begins to run, the pipe is at soldering temperature. Remove the flame from the pipe and apply the solder to the pipe where it joins the fitting. The solder will flow into the fit. Keep melting the solder until it appears completely around the fitting.The old saying, â€Å"If a little is good, then a lot is better,† does not apply here. Excess solder can run down inside the pipe, causing a restriction or even a blockage. You can experiment with different tips on your propane torch until you find the one that spreads the heat evenly along the pipe you are using. After you have successfully measured, square-off, and used a propane torch to mate your pipe and fittings you’re ready to clean your pipe. Cleaning your pipe throughout this procedure is a nonstop evolution.After mating your pipe together cleaning it is extremely important, it’s the first step in recognizing any malfunctions. You should be able to notice the thin black film that’s coated around the pipe and the fitting. This black coat of film comes from the rise in temperature of the pipe after you have heated it properly . To clean your pipe now you are going to have to have a bucket of water and a wire brush. Take your wire brush and dip it in the water and start cleaning the pipe and fitting(s) where you brazed at. You should continue to do this until both the pipe and fitting(s) becomes bright gold.In the meantime, while you’re cleaning your pipe you should have adequate lighting available, so you’re able to spot check for insufficient mating around the radius of your pipe and fittings. If you have thoroughly cleaned your pipe and notice small holes around your pipe then you need to go back a re-heat your pipe and apply more solder using a soldering stick. Once you have reached the point where you have no pen holes between your pipe and fittings, then you have completed the installation and cleaning of your 70/30 cuni pipe job.You are now ready to perform a system and inspection check of your project. Now that you have successfully installed and cleaned your pipe it’s now tim e to inspect your pipe for mechanically cohesiveness and system performance. This process is very important, because your craft is successful only if it can pass inspection. It requires a great deal of attention to detail when inspecting the pipe and fittings, so that you’re careful to not miss any pen holes. To this inspection, you have to do is submerge the part of the pipe that you brazed in clean and clear water.After doing this, if you notice water pockets form in the water remove the pipe and clean it with a rag and try it again. When you have tried it again and you notice water pocket again then that means you have tiny pen hole between your fittings and pipe. To fix this problem you will have to locate where the water pockets are forming at and solder that part. Once you have done that submerge your pipe and check for water pockets. After you have successfully corrected the pen holes you can now begin to clean up your job and apply the finishing touches to your pipe.I n conclusion, installing pipe can be difficult if you don’t have a proper foundation of rules to follow. Having an easy to understand guide line for performing such a job can be cost effective, uncomplicated, and less time consuming. Learning how to install, clean, and inspect 70/30 copper-nickel pipe can prepare you for the rigorous challenges that comes with working with pipes and fittings of different sizes and materials. Whether you’re an apprentice or authority of the art of pipe fitting, this guide line for installation, cleaning, and inspect 70/30 cuni will be of great assistance to you.

An Ethical Dilemma Exists When An Individual Is Deciding

An ethical dilemma exists when an individual is deciding between two right choices. No dilemma exists if one choice is wrong. What framework guides these decisions? Is the moral value common to all those involved in the decision making process? The commonly accepted virtues of Plato, Socrates, St. Augustine and many other philosophers are honesty, responsibility, respect, fairness and compassion. The expression of these virtues in beliefs guides one’s behavior. In the counseling profession, values plus behavior communicates what one believes concerning what is important. How then does a counselor manage conflicting values in the counseling relationship? Changing Landscape Early in 1980, reports surfaced in the mainstream media†¦show more content†¦Another recent survey reported, â€Å"41% of the respondents reported at least one suicide attempt, 53% reported being harassed in a public accommodation, and 27% earned less than $20,000 per year, often related to employment discrimination† as members of the Transgender, Gender Nonconforming (TGNC) community (Singh, 2016, p. 755). The ACA Code of Ethics preamble directs counselors to honor diversity and â€Å"embrace a multicultural approach in support of the worth, dignity, potential, and uniqueness of people within their social and cultural contexts† (American Counseling Association, 2014, p. 3). Nonmaleficence is not a reason to abandon our ethical responsibility. Counselors must take on the professional responsibility of beneficence by continuing education. As the Lord calls us to love our neighbors, He does not delineate those who are and are not valuable in this equation. Therefore, as professional our obligation is to find ways of continually balancing our professional and personal values. Counselor’s Problematic Dilemma Eastern Michigan University professor, Irene Ametrano states, â€Å"students enter graduate programs with preexisting ideas of right and wrong professional behavior, based in large part on their own backgrounds† (2014, p. 154). Learning to integrate the profession’s ethics into one’s own personal values and beliefs requires a â€Å"process of being socializedShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Acting Ethically When Working As A Nurse1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of acting ethically when working as a nurse. Introduction: Ethics is an essential aspect of health care practice and those working in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture,Read MoreEssay on Dual Relationships Between Counselors and Clients1578 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships between counselors and clients and the ethical implications of such relationships. In addition to presenting several examples of dual relationships, this paper will also explore how ethical decisions must be made to avoid potentially harmful or exploitive relationships in therapy as well understanding how different interactions between counselor and clients can be understood from an ethical standpoint, as well as how reviewing these ethical dilemmas may shape my future career as a counselor.Read MoreThe Ethics And Social Welfare1568 Words   |  7 Pagesclaims that dilemmas occur when individuals encounter two equally unwelcoming alternatives for a choice, potentially involving a conflict of moral values. The assumption is both judgements can be affirmed; it constitutes situations in which individuals need to make choices given different equally compelling moral options. However, rarely are ethical choices simple; most decisions are restricted and invokes internal conflict as dilemmas highlight the differences and those conflicts when deciding on a courseRead MoreThe Ethical Responsibilities Of Business Ethics Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics is a board interaction between individuals, organizations and countries based on the social and legal requirements. Moreover, ethics of business is more complex and complicated than business, in addition it emphasis the ethical responsibilities of business (Shaw, 2013, p.3). B usiness ethics is about how the people conduct the business and make ethical business decisions. In the case, the situation that Jean involved in is Wright expects Jean to use closing techniques to deceive herRead MoreKant s Consequences Of Moral Requirements938 Words   |  4 Pagesduty-based ethics, also known as deontology. Kant believed that everything can be used for good, but could also be used for evil. Kant also believed good will is the only good that can exist without clarification. Good will does not give benefit to the person choosing it. Morrison (2011) explains one cannot be ethical if using people to get what they want based on the Kantian view. Additionally, the consequences of the action or the end-result of the action should not be part of the process of decision-makingRead MoreMoral Question of Hastening the Death of a Terminally Ill Patient1220 Words   |  5 Pages When deciding the most righteous type of way to appropriately end a life of a love one, man y thoughts come through as weather the practice of euthanasia is an ethically correct medical procedure. There are many decisions that must be made regarding how to properly treat a individual who want to end there own life. Controversial views have always been made against those who suggest that terminally ill or incurably suffering people should be allowed to ask for and receive help to die if they so wishRead MoreThe And Lack Of Comfortability Within A Group Setting1122 Words   |  5 Pagescompel them to participate when they do not feel comfortable. Members should not feel pressure to participate because it might cause additional psychological trauma. Often times, group therapy is a force form of psychotherapy for many patients making patient reluctant to participate. The facilitator is responsible of reminding them that consequences may arise due to their lack of participation within ethical reasoning. During group sessions, the counselor must maintain ethical practices for the goodRead MoreThe Rule Of Law And Police Force Ethics1304 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary elements of any decent, civilised society. More specifically, it is an ideal and aiming to practice it is a necessary element in any liberal, democratic community†. This essay will discuss what this statement means and how it relates to the ethical policies and practices of the New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF). Brien’s (1999) statement associates the concept of the Rule of Law with democracy and liberty, thus evoking its egalitarian and anti-authoritarian properties. The Rule of Law isRead MoreHIPAA VIALATION850 Words   |  4 Pagesthe provision of health care to the individual, or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual† (Buck, 2011). Other identifiable health information would be the patient’s name, address, birth date and Social Security Number (Keomouangchanh, 2011). (Word count 197) There has been some ethical issues surrounding the developmentRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1224 Words   |  5 Pagessubject that welcomes death over life and presents many ethical dilemmas. We are frequently confronted with situations that raise ethical and moral questioning in our lifetimes. Traumatic events, as witnessed in the cases of Terri Schiavo, Brittany Maynard and Dax Cowart, often leave an impression on one s mortality and fate. Decisions may leave us questioning our moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs. This report will address the ethical implications providing the pro’s and con’s, As well as principles